Salmeterol: typical indication
Salbutamol contraindication
Formoterol: target
SABA/LABA common side-effects
Salmeterol common side-effects
Formoterol: typical indication
Formoterol common side-effects
Beta-2 is present on:
Salbutamol: typical indication
Salbutamol: target
Beta-1 is present on:
Salmeterol: target
dizziness/muscle cramps/nausea
long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, faster onset
smooth muscle cells
long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, slower onset
Arrhythmia/palpitations/headaches
short-acting, selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist
in some cases of premature labour (check bnf)
longest onset/duration, Asthma + COPD management
muscle cramps
rapid onset/duration, asthma/COPD/+ treatment
myocardial tissue
short onset/long duration, Long-term/chronic asthma
common antimuscarinic side-effects
Tiotropium
hyoscine specific contra-indications
Specific side effects for hyoscine:
Muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist has
ACh
Ipratropium
Atropine: indication
anticholinergics
tiotropium specific side-effects (uncommon)
Muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist increases
Ipratropium specific side-effects (common):
Hyoscine butylbromide
GI motility disorder/throat complaints
relief of symptoms from smooth muscle spasm (GI/genito-urinary)
no effect on inflammatory phase
constipation/dizziness/drowsiness/palpitations/tachycardia/dry mouth/dyspepsia/nausea/+
Dyspnoea
mucociliary clearance
used by parasympathetic system
muscarinic antagonist, multiple eye conditions, bradycardia from beta-blocker overdose, control/blocking of muscarinic agents
block ACh at synapses
fast-acting, for bronchospasm in COPD exacerbations, or severe exacerbations in asthma flares.
tachycardia
GI disorders/increased risk of infection/altered taste
long-action, management of COPD. more specific for subset of receptors commonly found in lungs.
Hydrocortisone: use
corticosteroid long systemic use may cause
glucocorticoid receptor up-regulates
Contra-indications for prednisolone
Glucocorticoids portmanteau
glucocorticoid receptor represses expression of
Dexamethasone: use
mineralocorticoids influence
Beclomethasone: indication
Fluticasone: use
corticosteroids require
Glucocorticoids bind to the
Dexamethasone interactions
Corticosteroid systemic use common side effects
corticosteroid interactions
Budesonide: use
Prednisolone: use
Contra-indications for systemic use of corticosteroids
Fluticasone side effects
pro-inflammatory proteins
anti-inflammatory proteins
Standard anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, minimal mineralocorticoid effects.
Equal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid. Uses: dermatoses, endocrine, immune conditions, allergies, thyrotoxic crisis, adrenocortical insufficiency
gastrointestinal bleeding with Aceclofenac (NSAID)
avoid in those with systemic infection, or giving live virus vaccines in those receiving immunosuppressive doses.
Potent glucocorticoid used for inflammatory, endocrine and rheumatic conditions. Minimal mineralocorticoid effects.
glucose cortex steroid
salt and water balances
glucocorticoid receptor
for asthma, allergic and vasomotor rhinitis, severe inflammatory skin disorders. Less irritating to nasal mucosa, with longer duration of action.
adrenal suppression/increased risk of infections/severe chickenpox,measles/psychiatric reactions
intravitreal use can cause haemorrhagic events with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
anxiety/abnormal behav./cognitive impairment/cushing's syn./electrolyte imbalance/fatigue/headache/hypertension/+++
glucocorticoid for significant local anti-inflammatory effects. Used for lungs and intestines: asthma, COPD, allergies, Crohn's, ulcerative colitis.
monitoring. bp, weight, bmi, height (children), osteoporosis risk
untreated infections in area of usage. Rectal use: bowel perforation, extensive fistulas, intestinal obstruction.
(inhaled) candidiasis, paradoxical bronchospasm
corticosteroid used for asthma, COPD, nasal polyps, and severe inflammatory skin disorders
Drug name ending: -phylline
Drug name ending: -Lukast
Drug name ending: -erol
Theophylline inhibits
Drug name ending: -nisone/sone
phospholipids become
leukotrienes promote
montelukast common side-effects
side effects of methylxanthines
methylxanthines are an
prostaglandins promote
Zafurlukast info
arachidonic acid becomes
Montelukast: uses
Theophylline
Drug name ending: -lomine/amine/olate
CNS stimulation/GI disturbances/CV effects/Hypokalaemia
corticosteroids
Methylxanthine used to treat asthma
arachidonic acid
phosphodiesterase (which breaks down bonds, can clear out the smooth muscle relaxants cAMP and cGMP.)
leukotrienes and prostaglandins
leukotriene antagonist, for asthma and seasonal symptomatic relief of allergic rhinitis.
diarrhoea/fever/GI discomfort/headache/nausea/skin reactions/vomiting/URTI
Anticholinergics
methylxanthine
leukotriene antagonist
smooth muscle constriction through g-proteins, eosinophil migration, oedema
beta2 adrenergic receptor agonist
Adenosine receptor antagonist
increase chemotaxis of pro-inflammatory mediators. Has effects on blood vessels, air passages, and pain.
leukotriene antagonist, UK discontinued for commercial reasons.