Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Bones 2 Joints 3 Marrow 4 Ligaments 5 Synovial 6 The Skeletal System 7 Cartilaginous 8 Tendons 9 Cartilage 10 Fibrous allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage freely movable joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Solid CT, 206 Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together 1 Movement 2 Protection 3 Storage 4 Site of Hematopoiesis 5 Functions of Bone 6 Framework guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow 1 Flat Bones 2 Irregular Bones 3 Long Bones 4 Classification of Bone 5 Short Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs 1 Epiphysis 2 Epiphyseal Line 3 Medullary Cavity 4 Macroanatomy of Bones 5 Diaphysis 6 Articular Cartilage 7 Periosteum remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons 1 Osteoclasts 2 Compact Bone 3 Osteoblasts 4 Microanatomy of Bones 5 Organic ECM 6 Osteogenic Cells 7 Osteocytes 8 Cells 9 Spongy Bone 10 Inorganic ECM 11 Extracellular Matrix (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines bone stem cells capable of differentiation Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) break down/resorb bone (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 1 Symphyses 2 Syndesmoses 3 Gomphoses 4 Synovial Joints 5 Synchondroses 6 Fibrous Joints 7 Joint (Articulation) 8 Examples of Synovial Joints 9 Sutures 10 Cartilaginous Joints 11 Types of Fibrous Joints 12 Types of Cartilaginous Joints allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other have hyaline cartilage between the bones bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Synchondroses & Symphyses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) bones connected by cartilage pads lock bones together with dense fibers Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
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