Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Cartilaginous 2 Ligaments 3 Tendons 4 Fibrous 5 Synovial 6 Bones 7 Joints 8 The Skeletal System 9 Cartilage 10 Marrow 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow freely movable joints allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Solid CT, 206 1 Movement 2 Protection 3 Functions of Bone 4 Site of Hematopoiesis 5 Framework 6 Storage guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Long Bones 2 Flat Bones 3 Classification of Bone 4 Irregular Bones 5 Short Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Elongated; upper and lower limbs 1 Periosteum 2 Epiphyseal Line 3 Medullary Cavity 4 Epiphysis 5 Macroanatomy of Bones 6 Articular Cartilage 7 Diaphysis Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock 1 Osteocytes 2 Osteogenic Cells 3 Extracellular Matrix 4 Compact Bone 5 Cells 6 Osteoclasts 7 Inorganic ECM 8 Osteoblasts 9 Spongy Bone 10 Microanatomy of Bones 11 Organic ECM Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones bone stem cells capable of differentiation break down/resorb bone build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts 2 components: Organic & Inorganic 1 Types of Fibrous Joints 2 Syndesmoses 3 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 4 Synchondroses 5 Cartilaginous Joints 6 Examples of Synovial Joints 7 Synovial Joints 8 Fibrous Joints 9 Joint (Articulation) 10 Gomphoses 11 Sutures 12 Symphyses Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other bones connected by cartilage pads tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) lock bones together with dense fibers Synchondroses & Symphyses allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock have hyaline cartilage between the bones
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