Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Bones 2 Synovial 3 Ligaments 4 Fibrous 5 Tendons 6 The Skeletal System 7 Cartilage 8 Marrow 9 Cartilaginous 10 Joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Solid CT, 206 Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) freely movable joints allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 1 Functions of Bone 2 Protection 3 Site of Hematopoiesis 4 Movement 5 Storage 6 Framework stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow 1 Long Bones 2 Irregular Bones 3 Classification of Bone 4 Short Bones 5 Flat Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella 1 Diaphysis 2 Periosteum 3 Articular Cartilage 4 Macroanatomy of Bones 5 Epiphyseal Line 6 Medullary Cavity 7 Epiphysis hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum 1 Cells 2 Osteocytes 3 Inorganic ECM 4 Osteogenic Cells 5 Compact Bone 6 Organic ECM 7 Spongy Bone 8 Extracellular Matrix 9 Osteoblasts 10 Osteoclasts 11 Microanatomy of Bones Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae bone stem cells capable of differentiation 2 components: Organic & Inorganic build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones break down/resorb bone (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) 1 Symphyses 2 Synovial Joints 3 Sutures 4 Fibrous Joints 5 Cartilaginous Joints 6 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 7 Examples of Synovial Joints 8 Gomphoses 9 Syndesmoses 10 Synchondroses 11 Types of Fibrous Joints 12 Joint (Articulation) bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Synchondroses & Symphyses allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength have hyaline cartilage between the bones lock bones together with dense fibers fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial bones connected by cartilage pads tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other
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