Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Fibrous 2 Ligaments 3 Synovial 4 Marrow 5 Cartilage 6 Bones 7 Tendons 8 The Skeletal System 9 Cartilaginous 10 Joints Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Solid CT, 206 freely movable joints allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints 1 Storage 2 Movement 3 Protection 4 Functions of Bone 5 Site of Hematopoiesis 6 Framework Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow 1 Flat Bones 2 Long Bones 3 Irregular Bones 4 Short Bones 5 Classification of Bone Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull 1 Diaphysis 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Periosteum 4 Epiphysis 5 Epiphyseal Line 6 Macroanatomy of Bones 7 Articular Cartilage tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) 1 Microanatomy of Bones 2 Osteoclasts 3 Osteocytes 4 Extracellular Matrix 5 Organic ECM 6 Osteogenic Cells 7 Cells 8 Compact Bone 9 Inorganic ECM 10 Osteoblasts 11 Spongy Bone break down/resorb bone (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 2 components: Organic & Inorganic build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae bone stem cells capable of differentiation 1 Cartilaginous Joints 2 Examples of Synovial Joints 3 Synchondroses 4 Syndesmoses 5 Sutures 6 Joint (Articulation) 7 Symphyses 8 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 9 Fibrous Joints 10 Synovial Joints 11 Types of Fibrous Joints 12 Gomphoses Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses bones connected by cartilage pads allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck have hyaline cartilage between the bones bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other Synchondroses & Symphyses lock bones together with dense fibers Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock
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