Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Joints 2 Cartilage 3 The Skeletal System 4 Tendons 5 Synovial 6 Fibrous 7 Ligaments 8 Bones 9 Cartilaginous 10 Marrow Solid CT, 206 allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles freely movable joints Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together 1 Site of Hematopoiesis 2 Storage 3 Framework 4 Functions of Bone 5 Movement 6 Protection Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) 1 Long Bones 2 Short Bones 3 Flat Bones 4 Irregular Bones 5 Classification of Bone Elongated; upper and lower limbs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull 1 Epiphyseal Line 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Diaphysis 4 Macroanatomy of Bones 5 Epiphysis 6 Periosteum 7 Articular Cartilage tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults 1 Organic ECM 2 Cells 3 Osteogenic Cells 4 Compact Bone 5 Extracellular Matrix 6 Osteoclasts 7 Osteoblasts 8 Spongy Bone 9 Microanatomy of Bones 10 Osteocytes 11 Inorganic ECM build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines bone stem cells capable of differentiation (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae 2 components: Organic & Inorganic break down/resorb bone Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 1 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 2 Types of Fibrous Joints 3 Sutures 4 Synovial Joints 5 Syndesmoses 6 Joint (Articulation) 7 Symphyses 8 Synchondroses 9 Examples of Synovial Joints 10 Cartilaginous Joints 11 Gomphoses 12 Fibrous Joints have hyaline cartilage between the bones tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other bones connected by cartilage pads Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength lock bones together with dense fibers Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Synchondroses & Symphyses Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock
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