Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Ligaments 2 Marrow 3 Cartilaginous 4 Cartilage 5 Bones 6 Tendons 7 Fibrous 8 Synovial 9 The Skeletal System 10 Joints Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone freely movable joints Solid CT, 206 Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage 1 Framework 2 Site of Hematopoiesis 3 Protection 4 Storage 5 Movement 6 Functions of Bone Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) 1 Short Bones 2 Flat Bones 3 Classification of Bone 4 Long Bones 5 Irregular Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones 1 Epiphysis 2 Articular Cartilage 3 Medullary Cavity 4 Epiphyseal Line 5 Macroanatomy of Bones 6 Periosteum 7 Diaphysis hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Organic ECM 2 Microanatomy of Bones 3 Osteocytes 4 Osteoblasts 5 Osteoclasts 6 Spongy Bone 7 Extracellular Matrix 8 Inorganic ECM 9 Osteogenic Cells 10 Cells 11 Compact Bone Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 2 components: Organic & Inorganic bone stem cells capable of differentiation break down/resorb bone Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) 1 Synchondroses 2 Synovial Joints 3 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 4 Types of Fibrous Joints 5 Symphyses 6 Joint (Articulation) 7 Gomphoses 8 Examples of Synovial Joints 9 Syndesmoses 10 Fibrous Joints 11 Cartilaginous Joints 12 Sutures lock bones together with dense fibers bones connected by cartilage pads Synchondroses & Symphyses bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck have hyaline cartilage between the bones
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