Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Marrow 2 Cartilaginous 3 Fibrous 4 Bones 5 Synovial 6 Ligaments 7 Cartilage 8 The Skeletal System 9 Tendons 10 Joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage freely movable joints Solid CT, 206 Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) 1 Site of Hematopoiesis 2 Protection 3 Functions of Bone 4 Storage 5 Framework 6 Movement Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow 1 Irregular Bones 2 Long Bones 3 Classification of Bone 4 Short Bones 5 Flat Bones Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella 1 Epiphyseal Line 2 Articular Cartilage 3 Macroanatomy of Bones 4 Epiphysis 5 Periosteum 6 Medullary Cavity 7 Diaphysis hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) 1 Microanatomy of Bones 2 Organic ECM 3 Osteoblasts 4 Osteogenic Cells 5 Spongy Bone 6 Cells 7 Osteoclasts 8 Inorganic ECM 9 Extracellular Matrix 10 Osteocytes 11 Compact Bone mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) bone stem cells capable of differentiation break down/resorb bone 1 Joint (Articulation) 2 Examples of Synovial Joints 3 Synovial Joints 4 Fibrous Joints 5 Symphyses 6 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 7 Types of Fibrous Joints 8 Synchondroses 9 Gomphoses 10 Sutures 11 Syndesmoses 12 Cartilaginous Joints fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock lock bones together with dense fibers Synchondroses & Symphyses between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck have hyaline cartilage between the bones tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial bones connected by cartilage pads Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule
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