Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Tendons 2 Synovial 3 Fibrous 4 Ligaments 5 Cartilaginous 6 Joints 7 Marrow 8 The Skeletal System 9 Bones 10 Cartilage Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Solid CT, 206 Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) freely movable joints Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together 1 Site of Hematopoiesis 2 Storage 3 Functions of Bone 4 Protection 5 Framework 6 Movement Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Flat Bones 2 Classification of Bone 3 Short Bones 4 Irregular Bones 5 Long Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones 1 Medullary Cavity 2 Periosteum 3 Diaphysis 4 Epiphyseal Line 5 Articular Cartilage 6 Macroanatomy of Bones 7 Epiphysis long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults 1 Inorganic ECM 2 Extracellular Matrix 3 Osteoblasts 4 Organic ECM 5 Compact Bone 6 Microanatomy of Bones 7 Osteoclasts 8 Osteocytes 9 Spongy Bone 10 Osteogenic Cells 11 Cells bone stem cells capable of differentiation (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae break down/resorb bone (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 1 Types of Fibrous Joints 2 Examples of Synovial Joints 3 Synovial Joints 4 Joint (Articulation) 5 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 6 Syndesmoses 7 Cartilaginous Joints 8 Sutures 9 Synchondroses 10 Gomphoses 11 Symphyses 12 Fibrous Joints Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Synchondroses & Symphyses have hyaline cartilage between the bones fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial bones connected by cartilage pads bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength lock bones together with dense fibers
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