1.
In the 1950s, one of the main economic growth factors was the increase in international trade. Most international trade flows were…
A
North-North countries trade
B
North-South countries trade
C
South-South countries trade
2.
Product ladder refers to…
A
A way to reach products located in the top shelf of a shop
B
A product that is top of the range
C
Offering products at different prices and range of values
3.
“Specialization in primary commodities, long seen as a hallmark of underdevelopment” means that…
A
Primary products sold by underdeveloped countries were of very good quality
B
Primary products were sold in a specialised marketplace called Hall
C
Underdeveloped countries trade was specialised in primary products and only primary products
4.
“Following the gravity logic” refers to...
A
Things on the Earth surface cannot float due to gravity
B
Historical economic evolution theories, with a deep data analysis
C
Gravity models of flows behaviour (people, trade…)
5.
“The expansion of South-South trade is in part statistical artifact” means that…
A
Statistically there is an increase, but there is not a real growth of goods exchanged
B
Sometimes statistics may be misleading as they may be affected by double-counting
C
Both answers are right
6.
International production networks structure may affect trade statistics...
A
If they follow a stage by stage pattern, value in statistics is lower than value added
B
If they follow a stage by stage pattern, value in statistics exceed value added
C
Production networks structure do not affect trade statistics
7.
World average for valued-added in the exporting country is about 75%. A lower value means that...
A
The country trade is more affected by double-counting
B
The country specialises in manufacturing products in which production fragmentation is more feasible
C
Both answers are truth
8.
World average for valued-added in the exporting country is about 75%. A higher value means that...
A
The country trade is more affected by double-counting
B
The country specialises in manufacturing products in which production fragmentation is more feasible
C
Both answers are false
9.
Middle-income countries tend to specialise in manufacturing exports
A
This may partly explain why their international trade value is growing rapidly
B
Manufacturing exports value-added is higher than in agricultural and natural resources exports
C
Specialisation is always a bad idea
10.
For low-income and middle-income countries specialising in primary products, the increase in international trade participation shown by statistics…
A
Reflects mainly double-counting
B
Reflects increasing specialization for global markets
C
Is a statistical artifact
11.
Countries start as goods assemblers but afterwards move into input productions and later to design and distribution of goods
A
This always happens
B
Countries as Mexico had follow this pattern
C
Countries as Singapore, Taiwan or Korea had follow this pattern
12.
The increase in South-South trade is one of the reasons for XXI century increase in total global trade. Which of the following is FALSE?
A
As developed countries stopped trading with South countries, they have to trade among them
B
It reflects a higher specialization in international markets when goods comparison more precise
C
In most of those countries the increase in international trade is higher than the increase in GDP
13.
When North-North trade flows dominated international trade (1990s and 1990s)
A
Comparative advantage mostly explained this situation
B
Raw materials were not traded internationally as there were not needed to produce in the North
C
Other theories, as goods differentiation, were developed to explain this situation
14.
In XXI century, comparative advantage theory seems to be a good explanation of international trade flows trends. Which of the following is FALSE?
A
Comparative advantage is totally obsolete as trade flows explanation
B
Country’s technological capability and factors supplies explain trade flows
C
Comparative advantage and gravity theory are compatible
