1.
This is a measure of exhaled CO2; gives real-time evidence of ventilation.
A
pulse oximetry
B
end tidal carbon dioxide monitoring
C
respiratory rate
2.
How long should the patient be directed to wait between puffs of an inhaler?
A
30 seconds
B
5 minutes
C
1 minute
3.
Depicted is a sign of increased respiratory effort through the use of accessory muscles.
A
retractions
B
shallow breathing
C
tugging
4.
This URI can be caused by the same bacteria that causes strep throat; however, it can usually be treated supportively with warm salt-water gargles. Recurrent cases might require surgical intervention.
A
strep throat
B
croup
C
tonsillitis
5.
This coloration in a pediatric patient can be a sign of respiratory distress.
A
conjunctivitis
B
pallor
C
white
6.
Although it is most known for a barking cough, this respiratory infection also can cause inspiratory stridor.
A
pertussis
B
strep throat
C
croup
7.
The treatment for inspiratory stridor from croup is often the bronchodilator racemic epinephrine in the hospital setting. What can parents be told to do with their child to help at home?
A
give a rescue inhaler
B
use a cold-water vaporizer or expose to cool night air
C
warm salt water gargle
8.
The following are examples of bronchodilators:
A
albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline
B
methylprednisolone, budesonide, dexamethasone
C
montelukast, zafirlukast
9.
How long should the child and family be instructed that a nebulized aerosol treatment can last?
A
10-15 minutes
B
5 minutes
C
20 minutes
10.
Discourage patients from forceful coughing, blowing their nose, or using straws after this procedure:
A
nebulizer
B
utilizing a metered-dose inhaler
C
tonsillectomy
11.
Antibiotics are NOT indicated for this "common" URI:
A
tuberculosis
B
strep throat
C
acute viral nasopharyngitis
12.
Although concerning to parents as it can last for weeks, the dry-hacking cough that becomes productive and worse at night in this illness is typically viral and treated symptomatically:
A
strep throat
B
croup
C
bronchitis
13.
A drooling, agitated child that cannot cough should be concerning for this medical emergency:
A
epiglottitis
B
tonsilitis
C
RSV
14.
RSV can progress to a lower respiratory tract infection especially in vulnerable young infants known as what?
A
bronchitis
B
bronchiolitis
C
pharyngitis
15.
This device helps pediatric patients receive inhaled medication adequately when they cannot coordinate utilizing the inhaler and breath holds:
A
flutter device
B
spacer
C
nebulizer
16.
These devices use a valve to deliver positive expiratory pressure as a form of physiotherapy to loosen mucus.
A
flutter device
B
percussion
C
inhaler
17.
Suction time should be limited to less than ___ seconds in infants and less than ___ in children.
A
3, 5
B
10, 20
C
5, 10
18.
Serious conditions secondary to untreated strep throat include:
A
rheumatic fever
B
tonsillectomy
C
bronchiolitis
19.
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) must be given within this time frame to be effective in lessening the severity of symptoms in a child over 1 year of age with influenza:
A
48 hours
B
24 hours
C
5 days
20.
This viral illness caused by the Epstein Barr Virus can lead to fatigue that lasts weeks, and in rare complications a ruptured spleen:
A
pertussis
B
pneumonia
C
mononucleosis
21.
Avoidance of secondhand cigarette smoke, receiving pneumococcal vaccinations on schedule, and avoidance of propping the bottle while the child is feeding can all prevent which common pediatric illness?
A
influenza
B
otitis media
C
asthma
22.
This adventitious sound occurs when excess fluid and mucus exists in the lungs, causing collapsed alveoli than pop open during ventilation:
A
wheeze
B
crackles
C
stridor
23.
Pediatric patients with this respiratory illness generally appear very ill, and may or may not have a productive cough with sputum. Expect pallor, fatigue, and adventitious breath sounds.
A
bacterial pneumonia
B
strep throat
C
mononucleosis
24.
A preliminary diagnostic sign of pneumonia are infiltrates shown in what diagnostic test?
A
Gram stain
B
CBC
C
x-ray
25.
This is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space:
A
interstitial fluid
B
effusion
C
mucus
26.
Most people expect the hallmark cough with this contagious condition; but in infants, apneic spells are more typical:
A
croup
B
pertussis
C
tonsilitis
27.
If not immediately seen by the parent, they might report this symptom with a foreign body aspiration in the nasal passage:
A
foul odor
B
crying
C
salivating
28.
If an infant is born with a scaphoid abdomen and respiratory distress, this potentially deadly condition should be suspected:
A
RSV
B
bacterial pneumonia
C
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
29.
Triggers of inflammation in this condition include exercise, air temperature changes, and strong emotions:
A
stridor
B
asthma
C
croup
30.
Nasal corticosteroids are the first-line medications used in this seasonal condition:
A
allergic rhinitis
B
acute viral nasopharyngitis
C
laryngitis
31.
Children might need assistance in this pulmonary function test necessary to create an asthma action plan:
A
metered-dose inhaler
B
stress test
C
peak expiratory flow rate
32.
Many asthmatic children require a ____ for symptoms as needed, but might take a daily ____ to keep attacks to a minimum.
A
corticosteroid, SABA
B
LABA, SABA
C
SABA, LABA
33.
Albuterol is amongst the most commonly used bronchodilators of this category:
A
short-acting beta 2 agonists (SABA)
B
long-acting beta 2 agonists (LABA)
C
leukotriene modifiers
34.
A parent reports on the phone that a child's rescue inhaler is not working for symptoms, the child cannot talk, and is breathing hard and fast. This falls into what category on the asthma action plan?
A
Danger- get help
B
Caution- use green zone medication with the addition of continued rescue inhaler use
35.
This is a sign of child in severe respiratory distress:
A
snorting
B
crying
C
Tripod position
36.
This potentially lethal asthma attack that does not respond to home therapy might require continuous SABA nebulization, IV corticosteroids, or even IV magnesium sulfate:
A
wheezing
B
status asthmaticus
C
cystic fibrosis
37.
The overproduction of this leads to various respiratory and digestive tract issues in cystic fibrosis patients:
A
mucus
B
sweat
C
enzymes
38.
Parents might report this finding in a child that has cystic fibrosis:
A
child refuses to eat
B
child tastes "salty"
C
constipation
39.
This strategy helps to loosen mucus in the respiratory tract via oscillations, vibrations, or manual percussion:
A
nebulization
B
chest physiotherapy
C
pulse oximetry
40.
An ominous sign that respiratory distress is turning to failure:
