Example of simplex transmission
Example of half-duplex transmission
Uses of serial transmission
Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
Bits are sent simultaneously over a number of lateral wires.
Uses of parallel transmission
Bits are sent consecutively over a single wire.
The form that data travels in digital devices.
Sending data from one particular device to another, and measured in bits.
Multiplexing technique to transmit analog signals.
Time Division Multiplexing
Demultiplexing delivers received segments at the receiver side to this layer in the OSI reference model.
Example of duplex transmission
The layer in the OSI reference model which is the junction for multiplexing and demultiplexing.
The 4-tuple to identify a TCP socket in connection-oriented multiplexing and demultiplexing
Disadvantages of parallel transmission
Uses light signals transmitted through fiber optic channels whereby very narrow bands of light are combined from several sources to make a wider band of light.
source IP address source port number destination IP address destination port number
serial transmission
Data can be lost, receiving device has to reorder data, crosstalk.
Integrated circuits, busses, connecting internal hard disk to a CPU.
Takes data stream from one high-speed line and breaks into portions and sends over several lower-speed lines simultaneously.
Demultiplexing
Example of connectionless multiplexing and demultiplexing
parallel transmission
Data transmission
Long range transfers, almsot all external components connected to another device, connecting a phone/keyboard/printer to a laptop.
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
Multiplexing
Application layer
Transport Layer
