What
is
problem
-
based
learning
?
Problem
-
based
learning
(
PBL
)
is
a
student
-
centered
____________________
in
which
students
learn
about
a
subject
by
working
in
groups
to
solve
an
open
-
ended
____________________
.
The
problem
is
what
drives
the
motivation
and
the
learning
.
Rather
than
teaching
____________________
material
and
subsequently
having
students
apply
the
knowledge
to
____________________
problems
,
the
problem
is
presented
first
.
____________________
generally
must
:
Examine
and
define
the
problem
.
Explore
what
they
already
know
about
underlying
issues
related
to
it
.
Determine
what
they
need
to
learn
and
where
they
can
acquire
the
information
and
tools
necessary
to
solve
the
problem
.
Evaluate
possible
ways
to
solve
the
problem
.
Solve
the
problem
.
Report
on
their
findings
.
PBL
assignments
can
be
short
,
or
they
can
be
more
involved
and
take
a
whole
semester
.
PBL
is
often
group
oriented
,
so
it
is
beneficial
to
set
aside
classroom
time
to
prepare
students
to
work
in
groups
and
to
allow
them
to
____________________
in
their
PBL
project
.
Why
use
problem
-
based
learning
?
Nilson
(
2010
,
p
.
190
)
lists
learning
outcomes
associated
with
PBL
.
A
well
-
design
PBL
project
provides
students
with
the
____________________
to
develop
skills
related
to
:
Working
in
teams
.
Managing
projects
and
holding
leadership
roles
.
Oral
and
written
____________________
.
Self
-
awareness
and
evaluation
of
group
processes
.
Working
independently
.
Critical
thinking
and
analysis
.
Explaining
concepts
.
Self
-
directed
learning
.
Applying
course
content
to
real
world
examples
.
Researching
and
information
literacy
.
Problem
solving
across
disciplines
.
What
are
the
basic
steps
in
designing
a
PBL
project
?
Articulate
the
learning
outcomes
of
the
project
.
What
do
you
want
students
to
know
or
be
able
to
do
as
a
result
of
participating
in
the
assignment
?
Create
the
problem
.
Ideally
,
this
____________________
be
a
real
-
world
situation
that
resembles
something
students
may
encounter
in
their
future
careers
or
lives
.
____________________
are
often
the
basis
of
PBL
activities
.
Establish
ground
rules
at
the
beginning
to
prepare
students
to
work
effectively
in
groups
.
Introduce
____________________
to
group
processes
and
do
some
warm
up
exercises
to
allow
them
to
practice
assessing
both
their
own
work
and
that
of
their
peers
.
Consider
having
students
take
on
different
roles
or
divide
up
the
____________________
up
amongst
themselves
.
Alternatively
,
the
project
might
require
students
to
assume
various
perspectives
,
such
as
those
of
government
officials
,
local
business
owners
,
etc
.
Establish
how
you
will
evaluate
and
assess
the
assignment
.
Consider
making
the
assessments
students
make
of
their
own
work
and
that
of
their
peers
part
of
the
assignment
____________________
.
