1
(2 words) Passed in 1868, it gave citizenship to all former slaves. It has been interpreted to mean that the states must also protect and guarantee the rights of religion. (p130)
2
(3 words) _ _ _ to the American flag. The Supreme Court has frequently ruled since 1942 that students cannot be compelled to recite the pledge, or be punished for refusing. The motto “One Nation Under God. “ has been upheld due to their “ceremonial and patriotic nature”. Some states use it , others don’t considering it an indoctrination with civil religion. (p125, p132, p133)
3
These are the pilgrims/puritans, who formed an official established church in New England in the 17th century.
4
(2 words) Most of the 13 colonies had an official _______ __________ and a link between church and state from colonial times until the War for Independence. The Anglican Church was one and the Congregational Church was another. (p118)
5
(3 words) (chapter 4) The Latino, César Chávez was the leader of this union in California, becoming well-known in the 1960s through his successful five-year national boycott (of grapes) and peaceful strike negotiations.
6
(2 words) Religious revival – The first one affected the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s and was the forerunner of modern evangelical activities. It was an emotional reaction to the formalistic, unappealing nature of most religious practices, beginning in Massachusetts and spreading along the East coast. A second one occurred at the start of the 19th century. (p119 and 121)
7
Strict maintenance of traditional orthodox beliefs (p117)
8
Revivalist preachers (or preachers of XXXXXXX) in the eighteenth century (the Great Awakening) tried to convert people to their faiths by stressing the need for repentance, rebirth and a personal experience of salvation. (p119)
9
The decline in religious observance and _____ (non-sacred concerns) has been attributed to the effects of industrialisation, consumerism, materialism, individualism and expanded education. (p116)
10
The largest and most diverse of the US faiths. Divided into many churches and sects, with conservative, mainstream and liberal outlooks. (p127)
11
(2 words)These can be recited in the public school curriculum as long as they are an objective instruction about religion rather than promotion, according to a 1963 Supreme Court Ruling. (p133)
12
(2 words)This is a mixture of religion, morality ad nationalism that emphasises symbols, emblems and traditions, such as the national motto (In God we trust) and the pledge of allegiance to the flag (One Nation Under God) (p125)
13
(2 words) This stresses religion’s public role and follows American traditions of liberal theology and social commitment, campaigning for social change, providing welfare services and debating social problems and moral concerns (i.e. starvation, racism, poverty, wars, refugees, abortion, same-sex marriages, education) in some churches. (p123)
14
There is no one ________ for all Protestants. Each church is independent and supports itself financially, has its own ministers, constructs its own buildings and follows its own beliefs and practices. The Roman Catholic Church is the biggest religion in terms of a single _________. (p127 and p128)
15
(not found) This is a form of bigotry, discrimination, or hatred arising from attaching relations of inferiority and superiority to differences between subdivisions within a group. Common examples are denominations of a religion, ethnic identity, class, or region for citizens of a state and factions of a political movement.
16
The Literal Bible Story. Followers believe in this as opposed to evolutionary theories.
17
Those dissatisfied with the established European Christianity branches wished to create communities where they could practise their own religions without persecution and create an ideal “city upon a hill”. The Anglican Church taxed these people who settled in the colony of Virginia. (p117)
18
At these ceremonies, clergy were banned from offering prayers in 1992 by the Supreme Court; This decision was taken in order to distinguish between state recognition of religion by the participation of officials at public ceremonies and the participation of students in voluntary religious activities on state property. (p134)
19
Some think the country’s moral and cultural values have changed for the worse since the 1960s because the US as become too _____________ and/or liberal. (p138)
20
This means religious separatism. This can indicate vitality and toleration of different religions, but it may also be divisive as denominations quarrel with each other. (p122)
21
In the 18th century, after the Civil War of 1861-1865, the Anglican church lost much prestige and influence due to its ties with England so the creation of a new American Protestant ____________ Church in its place proved to be necessary, an important step to a more clearly American church, also where all presidents have attended since James Madison in 1809. (p119)
22
Cooperation or closer relations between different faiths, which in turn encouraged Catholics to be more open to other religions and modern developments (p117 and p123)
23
Very few people believe in this, but a higher number believe in God-guided _____________. (p137)
24
This group arrived in Massachusetts Bay in 1630 and wanted to purify the Church of England. It was a religiously intolerant group, expelling Church of England members and restricting membership to those who had personally experienced conversion. They believe that hard work is a means of pleasing God. (p118)
25
(chapter 4) Citing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, lawyers serving the poor in Alabama (in 2001) helped Martha _____ , a Spanish speaker whose English was limited, sue the state for discrimination based on her cultural background, because it passed a law requiring all driver’s tests to be given in English.
26
This group and Seventh-Day Adventists have had limitations overruled for special working practices. There are 2% of these. (p131 and stat p126)
27
These people were banned membership of the Anglican church in colonial times in Virginia. They were established in Maryland in the 17th century. They were pacifists and often persecuted in the civil war of 1861-1865 because of their beliefs. (p118 and p119)
28
Spiritual Renewal in the 1990s led people to join a wide variety of sects, _____ and churches, to attempt a sense of belonging. Increasing pluralism also in the 1960s-70s also created new religious groups. (p124 and p125)
