1
Small plots of land granted or leased by the lord to the peasants.
2
Name of the solemn ceremony where pacts of military allegiance in exchange for economic concessions were made between the lord and the vassal.
3
Part of the commendation ceremony where the lord gave his new vassal a symbol of the benefit granted to him, such as a handful of earth, which represents a fiefdom.
4
A part of the commendation ceremony where the vassal knelt before the lord and, he would place his hands into those of the lord and accept to be his vassal. He then swore an oath of fealthy, promising not to harm the lord and to give him military aid and service.
5
Writing room of a monastery where very old codices or books illustrated with miniatures were copied by hand.
6
Mock battles that took place in times of peace where the noblemen practiced combat in order to prepare for war.
7
The feudal estate who worked and carried out the necessary tasks to maintain and feed the other two groups. They were mostly free peasants or serfs, cratsmen and merchants.
8
Name of the relationships established between the peasans and the lords.
9
Relationship established between a lord, who could be the king or a great nobleman or clergyman, and a vassal, generally another nobleman of lower rank.
10
The political, economic and social system which characterised Western Eruope between the 9th and 15th centuries.
11
Name of the knighting ceremony in which theking or feudal lord would gird the armour and the sword on the knight, and the squires would put his spurs on him. Finally the lord would dub him on the shoulder with a sword.
12
Free commoners who would live where they wanted and even leave the fiefdom.
13
The feudal estate who fought an defended feudal society.
14
The members of the clergy who lived amongst the laypepole, and consisted of bishops and priests.
15
The feudal estate who prayed for the salvation of humanity.
16
The members of the clergy who lived in a monastic community, which consisted of abbots and monks or abbsesses and nuns.
17
People who could not leave the dependent holding, which they farmed and were tied to.
18
The territory exploited directly for the lord. It included his residence, the best farmland, cultivated by serfs or free peasants, meadows with pasture for livestock, forests for hunting and gathering firewood and rivers for fishing and water supply.
19
A tax collected by the clergy which consisted of one-tenth of all harvests.
20
Large territory belonging to the king or granted by him to the nobility and the clergy in exchange for their services.
