LICEO GUERNIKA

Read and answer. The territory of the Republic of Colombia is located in the northwestern corner of South America and has a continental area of 1,141,748 km² plus a maritime area of 928,660 km². Colombia is the 26th largest country in the world and the fourth in South America, after Brazil, Argentina, and Peru.2 The country has sovereignty over the Caribbean Sea, the Pacific Ocean, the Amazon rainforest, the Orinoco basin, and the Andes. Colombia is administratively divided into departments, municipalities, indigenous territories, regions, and provinces.3 Numerous national and international entities and researchers have developed geographic studies of Colombia since the 19th century; among which it is worth highlighting those made by the Baron de Humboldt, Eliseo Reclus, Agustín Codazzi, Ernesto Guhl, among others. Currently the official entity in charge of the study of Colombian geography is the Agustín Codazzi Geographical Institute. Among the academic and consulting institutions are the National University of Colombia, the University of the Andes and the Geographical Society of Colombia. According to the reading, it is deduced that the countries that border Colombia in the South American continent are

What is the name of the Mountain System that crosses Colombia from North to South?

What are the Natural Regions of Colombia called?

Read the text and solve. According to the 1991 Constitution, Colombia is divided into departments and a single capital district (Bogotá). Currently there are approximately 1,123 municipalities, including the Capital District, and the districts of Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta and Buenaventura (in 2009, by decision of the Constitutional Court, the legislative act processed in 2007 that gave the character of district to the cities Tunja, Cúcuta, Popayán, Turbo and Tumaco were largely declared unconquerable, giving this distinction only to Buenaventura). The departments of Colombia are:

When did the independence process begin in Colombia?

The first cry of independence allowed

With the Battle of Boyacá

What are the descendants of Spaniards born in America called?

What is La Colonia?

The indigenous population decreases during the Colonial era due to

The indigenous population decreases during the Colonial era due to

"Created in 1504, it was the body in charge of trade between Spain and America." The above refers to

In addition to European military superiority, what factors contributed, among others, to the subjugation of the American Indian peoples?

What did evangelization represent for the American peoples?

Which of these characters led the military conquest of Peru?

Year of arrival of Hernán Cortés to Mexican territory

Who were the realists?

What was the name of the Spanish army in colonial times?

When did the independence process begin in Colombia?

In what city did the events of July 20, 1810, take place?

The first cry of independence allowed

Read and solve the question. The conquest of Mexico In 1519, the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlán (the Aztec capital), where he was well received, as the indigenous people thought he was one of their gods. However, the Spanish captured the emperor of the Aztecs and killed a group of priests and warriors. Faced with this aggression, the indigenous people reacted with violence and the Spanish fled the city. In 1521, with the support of many indigenous enemies of the Aztecs, Cortés armed a powerful army with which he besieged Tenochtitlán, captured Moctezuma and, after almost three months, the city fell into his power. From there, the Spanish spread to the rest of Central America. A very important advantage for the conquerors was that they were well equipped and with a very varied armament. They used armor, swords, and iron shields and firearms, while most indigenous weapons were made of wood or stone. The Spanish had an animal that did not exist on our continent and it scared the aborigines a lot when riding them.

Read and solve. The conquest of Peru In 1532, Francisco Pizarro set out to conquer the Empire of the Incas, which was greatly weakened by an epidemic, and above all, recent internal struggles for the succession to the throne. This explains that, although he was accompanied by a few men, Pizarro was able to capture the new Inca, who offered him a huge treasure in exchange for his freedom. Pizarro accepted the proposal, but as soon as he obtained these riches, he ordered their execution. Later, with the help of some peoples that were subjected to Inca domination, the conquerors advanced towards Cuzco, the capital of the Empire, and after cornering it, they entered the city. Once the conquest of the land of the Incas was assured, the Spanish organized several expeditions to subdue the southern part of the American continent. Who was considered the new Inca

Read and solve. This Spaniard was appointed captain of the expedition in 1519, he fled from Cuba, he reached the coasts of Yucatan. He sailed to the shores of Tabasco, then went to Veracruz where he founded the first city council in America on behalf of Spain.

Read and solve. SPANISH CONQUEST With the arrival of the Spanish Conquerors to the territory of present-day Colombia around the year 1500, a new population factor entered the region that completely altered the previous panorama that had been developing among the indigenous peoples. With the arrival of the Muiscas, a process of conquest and subjugation began. As the Spaniards advanced, they built several settlements and arranged a new ordering of the territory according to the interests of each conquering group. Said ordering responded to the resources found in the settlements, a process in which the opinion of the peoples who lived there was generally not taken into account. These establishments continued in the following three centuries with a process of warlike and colonizing expansion, also introducing a large number of black African population as slave labor, advancing on the indigenous and palenquero populations that were subjected to periodic displacements. In the year 1499, the Spanish navigator Alonso de Ojeda arrived at the northern coast of Colombia (Cabo de la Vela) accompanied by Américo Vespucio who would name the mainland with the current name in honor of Christopher Columbus. In 1501 Rodrigo de Bastidas traveled the coast between La Guajira and Cartagena and discovered the Magdalena River. In 1510 Alonso de Ojeda founded San Sebastián de Urabá, the first Spanish town in Tierra Firme, but that same year its provisional ruler, Francisco Pizarro, decided to abandon it and they moved to a site in the Gulf of Urabá where they founded under the direction of Martín Fernández de Enciso to Santa María la Antigua del Darién. This city, which was the capital of the first Spanish government in the Castilla del Oro area, was in turn abandoned in 1517. With Santa Marta (1525) and Cartagena de Indias (1533), Spanish control of the coast was established. The conqueror Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada conquered a vast area in the region defeating the powerful Chibcha culture, founding the city of Santa Fe de Bogotá and naming the region Nuevo Reino de Granada. The first Colombian cities were founded in 1509 or 1510 in the Urabá and Darién region. These first settlements did not prosper and Santa Marta, founded in 1525 by Rodrigo de Bastidas, is, after Panama, the oldest Colombian city in the American continent. One of the following characters was not a Spanish conqueror of the many who arrived at the most important points of our country:

An open council is a form of democratic participation