The Russian Revolution

Workers and peasants met in popular assamblies or councils (soviets)

In the early 20th century, Russia was still under the Old Regime

Although there was a Duma, this had very limited powers. Political freedom and individual rights were not recognised

They were moderates and favoured a liberal regimen that would make a gradual transition to socialism

The tsar made a few concessions. This seemed likely to turn Russia into a parliamentary monarchy.

Clandestine political parties

Economic crisis led to angry rioting, and eventualy the Revolution of 1905

Officially, serfdom had been abolished, but the relations between the nobility and the peasants on their states were still feudal in character. Tools were very rudimentary and propductivity was very low

They were radicals who rejected cooperation with the bourgeoisie