least intrusive means
minimal force
Officer visualization statement
Seizure
20/20 hindsight
Tunnel vision & auditory exclusion
Totality of facts and circumstances
Factors not considered
Factors considered
objective test
using lesser options of force in attempting to seize a suspect
Government termination of the freedom of movement of a suspect.
having to use alternative or minimal force options first
types of sensory deprivation officers experience when encountering a threat- allowable under the standard
"The suspect was enraged. His face looked like a demon and he was screaming at the top of his lungs."
judging police use of force through the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene
Considering all the factors facing the officer or known to the officer before and during a use of force incident.
judging use of force while looking at the event only after it happened
SUSPECT'S: weight, height, age, condition, prior criminal activity, resisting or evading arrest. OFFICER'S: knowledge, training, experience, observations tied to 5 senses
Information found later, officer's motives/intentions, perspective of the suspect or victim
