Sykes & Matza
Social disorganization theory
Crime pattern theory
Sampson & Groves
Differential association reinforcement theory
Proposed 5 techniques used by criminals to deal with guilt associated with crime, expanding on the notion that offenders learn rationalizations, drives, and justifications associated with crime through social interaction introduced by Sutherland.
Expanded on the notion proposed by Sutherland that criminal behaviour is learned, by examining how learning occurs. Later became known as social learning theory.
Assumes that rational choice theory and routine activity theory are at play. It argues that the spatial distribution of crime opportunities is dictated by how the built environment shapes the geographic movements associated with people’s routine activities.
Replicated Shaw & McKay’s Chicago study 50 years later in England, introducing three intervening variables to our understanding of social disorganization (sparse friendship networks, unsupervised teenage groups, and low organizational participation)
Shaw & McKay used the concentric zone model explain the spatial distribution of crime in Chicago
