Decreased calcium absorption
Decreased GI muscle tone
Decreased ability to swallow Decreased gastric acid secretions
Decreased BMR
Atrophy of salivary glands
Delay in oesophageal emptying, altered oesophageal sphincter function
Decreased size and blood flow to liver
Altered bone formation
Dry membranes prone to injury Decreased thirst sensation
Altered energy utilisation
Change in nutritional intake
Delay in vitamin and drug absorption Predisposed to indigestion, aspiration
Decreased liver storage capacity Increased vulnerability to toxins Adverse drug reactions
Altered motility Predisposed to constipation
