Functions of the Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
Upper: Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges Lower: Coxa, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
Vertical support, support the head, protect the spinal cord
Coracoid Process
Subscapular Fossa
Consists of
Infraspinous Fossa
Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)
Supraspinous Fossa
Sternal End
Scapula Features
Glenoid Fossa
Scapular Spine
Acromial Process
Scapula
Acromial End
Fossae
Clavicle
Clavicle Features
Clavicle (2) & Scapula (2)
Smaller lateral projection, more anterior Site of muscle attachment (pectoralis minor & biceps brachii)
Attaches the upper limbs to the trunk (the sternum)
superior to the scapular spine Site of muscle attachment (supraspinatus)
Articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium (sternum) = Sternoclavicular joint
Acromial Process, Coracoid Process, Scapular Spine, & Fossae
"shoulder blade"
Supraspinous, Infraspinous, Subscapular, & Glenoid
Articulates with the acromial process of the scapula = Acromioclavicular joint
Anterior side of the scapula (closest to ribcage) Site of muscle attachment (subscapularis)
LARGER lateral projection, more posterior Articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle = Acromioclavicular joint
Inferior to the scapular spine Site of muscle attachment (infraspinatus)
"collarbone"
The ridge between Supraspinous & Infraspinous fossae Site of muscle attachment (trapezius, etc.)
Sternal end & acromial end
Lateral For head of humerus
Metacarpals Components
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Carpals Components
Parts of the Upper Limb
Carpals
Humerus Components
Radius & Ulna
Ulna Components
Radius Components
Phalanges Components
Humerus
Trochlear Notch, Olercranon, Ulnar Tuberosity, Radial Notch, Head
5 in total; Not named but numbered I (Lateral, thumb) - V (Medial, pinky)
14 in total; 5 proximal, 4 middle, & 5 distal; numbered 1-5 from thumb to pinky - proximal & distal; numbered 2-4 from index to pinky - middle
Bones of the fingers
Upper Arm (brachium)
Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, & Phalanges
Bones of the wrist
Head, Radial Tuberosity, Ulnar Notch, Carpal Surface,
Bones of the palms
Forearm (antebrachium)
Head, Greater Tubercle, Lesser Tubercle, Deltoid Tuberosity, Medial Epicondyle, Lateral Condyle, Capitulum, Trochlea, Olecranon Fossa
8 in total; Only need to know scaphoid
Pubic Symphysis
Iliac Crest
Ilium
Auricular Surface
Pubis
Bones of the Os Coxa
Ischium
Os Coxa
Pelvic Girdle
Ilium Features
Components of Pelvic Girdle
Ischial Tuberosity
Iliac Fossa
Ischium Features
Iliac Crest, Iliac Fossa, Auricular Surface
2 Coxa
Ischial Tuberosity
3 bones that fuse during puberty at the acetabulum (hip joint)
fibrocartilage disk absorbs shock while walking & allows for childbirth
What you sit on (“sits bone”) Site of muscle attachment (adductor magnus, hamstrings)
Inferior, posterior portion of the coxa
What you put your hands on when you rest your hands on your “hips” Site of muscle attachment
Inferior, anterior portion of the coxa Articulates with the other coxa at the pubic symphysis
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
attaches lower limbs to the trunk (sacrum), supports body weight, protects pelvic organs
Articulates with the auricular surface of the sacrum = sacroiliac (SI) joint
Largest of the 3 bones; Superior portions of the coxa; Articulates with the sacrum
Large, smooth, concave surface Site of muscle attachment (internal hip muscles)
Components of the Fibula
Tibia
Metatarsals
Components of the Lower Limb
Components of the Metatarsals
Components of the Tibia
Phalanges
Components of the Patella
Tarsals
Components of the Femur
Femur
Components of the Phalanges
Components of the Tarsals
Patella
Fibula
Base & Apex
Bones of the toes
Smaller of the lower leg bones; Lateral bone
Bones of the middle foot
Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
14 in total; 5 proximal, 4 middle, & 5 distal; numbered 1-5 from thumb to pinky - proximal & distal; numbered 2-4 from index to pinky - middle
Medial Condyle, Lateral Condyle, Medial Malleolus, Fibular Notch
5 in total; named I-V from medial (big) to lateral (baby)
Head, Lateral Malleolu
7 in total; Only need to know Talus and Calcaneus
Head, Greater Trochanter, Lesser Trochanter, Linea Aspera, Medial Condyle, Lateral Condyle, Patellar Surface
Bigger of the lower leg bones; Medial bone
the "thigh"; Longest, strongest, and heaviest bone of the body; At an angle
Bones of the back foot
Sesamoid bone - grows within the tendon; protects the knee when kneeling
Knee
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
patellar ligament
quadricep tendon
menisci
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Cruciate Ligaments
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Collateral Ligaments
posterior, popliteal region
fibrocartilage pads between the femoral and tibial condyles
anterior, behind patella, crosses in front of PCL
Between lateral femur and fibula; Prevents hyperadduction (keeping it from moving too far medially)
Between medial femur and tibia; Prevents hyperabduction (keeping it from moving too far laterally)
Stabilize the sides of the joint; LCL & MCL
from patella to the tibial tuberosity (below knee)
joint of femur, patella, tibia, fibula
from muscle to the patella (above knee)
stabilize the front and back of the tibiofemoral joint; ACL & PCL
