Associated Bones of the Skull
Vertebral Column
Thoracic (Rib) Cage
Skull
Axial Skeleton
7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx
Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage
6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone
Sternum & 24 Ribs
8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones
Cranial Cavity
Sutures
Palatine Suture
Coronal Suture
Skull
Orbital Cavities
Cavities
Sagittal Suture
Oral Cavity
Types of Sutures
Nasal Cavity
Lambdoid Suture
Squamous Suture
Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones
Joint between parietal and occipital bones
Joint between frontal and parietal bones
Joint between parietal and temporal bones
Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones
Joint between palatine bones
Joint between 2 parietal bones
A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral
Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone
Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones
Joints between the bones of the skull
Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine,
Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones
Lacrimal
Neurocranium
Zygomatic
Nasal
Palatine
Vomer
Face
Temporal
Parietal
Ethmoid
Anatomic Divisions of the Skull
Sphenoid
Mandible
Maxilla
Frontal
Occipital
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit
Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit
Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity)
Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum
Inferior nasal septum
Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium)
Paired; Medial wall of the orbit
Roof of nasal cavity
Neurocranium and Face
Lower jaw
Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit)
Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity
Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit)
Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2)
Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye
Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior)
Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1)
Hyoid
Associated Bones of the Skull
Incus
Malleus
Ear Ossicles
Bones of the Ear Ossicles
Stapes
Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound
slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing
Stirrup
Anvil
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Ear Ossicles & Hyoid
Hammer
Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae
Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae
Kyphosis
Sacrum
Thoracic Vertebrae
Coccyx
Lordosis
Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae
Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column
Parts of the Sacrum
Lumbar Vertebrae
Cervical Vertebrae
Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes
Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae
Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles
Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx
Vertebrae of the Neck
Posterior pelvis
Vertebrae of the lower back
Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special!
Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina
Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae
Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs
Tailbone
Sternum
Xyphoid Process
Costochondral Joints
Sternocostal Joints
Function of the Rib Cage
False Ribs
True Ribs
Floating Ribs
Ribs
Components of the Rib Cage
Sternum Components
Body
Manubrium
Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage
Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process
Breastbone
2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage
Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses)
3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage
12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating
Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints
protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles
Bottom tab on the sternum
Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs
7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage
Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints
Sternocostal Joints
Axial Joints
Atlanto-occipital Joint
Vertebrocostal Joints
Temporomandibular Joint
Atlanto-axial Joint
Intervertebral Joints
Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks)
T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle
atlas + dens of axis
manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7)
mandibular fossa + condylar process
Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal
superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles
