Romans
Petra
Indus River Valley:
Mesopotamia
Imperial China:
Ancient Egypt:
Khmer Empire:
Imperial Aztecs:
Viking Age:
An ancient city in present-day Jordan, known for its rock-cut architecture and water management system. Home to the Nabataean people, who controlled important trade routes in the region. Famous for its impressive treasury and amphitheater carved into the rock. Significant figures include King Aretas IV and Queen Zenobia.
An ancient civilization in present-day Cambodia, known for its impressive architecture and art. Famous for its capital city of Angkor, which was home to many temples, including the iconic Angkor Wat. Significant figures include King Jayavarman VII and Queen Suryavarman I. The empire declined in the 15th century due to environmental and political factors.
A period of Chinese history marked by the rule of various dynasties and the unification of the country. Known for their advancements in art, literature, and technology, including the invention of paper and gunpowder. Famous for the Great Wall, the Terracotta Army, and the Forbidden City. Significant dynasties include the Qin, Han, Tang, and Ming. Notable figures include Emperor Qin Shi Huang, Confucius, and Zheng He.
One of the earliest civilizations in the world, located in the area of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq. Known for their advancements in writing, mathematics, and astronomy. Famous for their ziggurats (stepped pyramids) and complex irrigation systems. Significant empires include the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. Notable figures include Hammurabi, who created one of the earliest law codes, and King Gilgamesh, the hero of the Epic of Gilgamesh.
One of the most well-known civilizations of the ancient world, located along the Nile River. Known for their impressive pyramids, temples, and monumental architecture. Famous for their writing system of hieroglyphics and advancements in medicine and mathematics. Significant figures include King Tutankhamun, Cleopatra, and Ramses II.
One of the most powerful empires of ancient times. Known for their advancements in engineering, architecture, and military strategy. Famous for their impressive road network, public baths, and aqueducts. Significant figures include Julius Caesar, Augustus, and Constantine.
This society was organized into chieftainships and kingdoms, with a warrior aristocracy at the top. They had a strong oral storytelling tradition, and their myths and legends were passed down through the generations. They were also skilled craftsmen, producing intricate metalwork, jewelry, and woodcarvings. They also used horses, which allowed them to travel quickly across land.
A powerful empire in present-day Mexico, known for their impressive capital city of Tenochtitlan. Famous for their achievements in agriculture, including the creation of floating gardens on Lake Texcoco. Significant figures include Emperor Montezuma II and military leader Cuauhtémoc. The empire was conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century.
One of the earliest civilizations in the Indian subcontinent, located around the Indus River in present-day Pakistan and India. Known for their impressive city planning and sewer systems. Little is known about their writing system, which has yet to be fully deciphered. Significant cities include Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Notable figures are not well-known due to the lack of written records.