Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 The Skeletal System 2 Fibrous 3 Joints 4 Tendons 5 Synovial 6 Marrow 7 Cartilage 8 Bones 9 Cartilaginous 10 Ligaments consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Solid CT, 206 Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) freely movable joints 1 Movement 2 Framework 3 Functions of Bone 4 Protection 5 Storage 6 Site of Hematopoiesis Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, 1 Irregular Bones 2 Classification of Bone 3 Long Bones 4 Short Bones 5 Flat Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs 1 Epiphysis 2 Articular Cartilage 3 Medullary Cavity 4 Periosteum 5 Diaphysis 6 Epiphyseal Line 7 Macroanatomy of Bones remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Cells 2 Osteoclasts 3 Organic ECM 4 Inorganic ECM 5 Microanatomy of Bones 6 Extracellular Matrix 7 Spongy Bone 8 Compact Bone 9 Osteogenic Cells 10 Osteocytes 11 Osteoblasts Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact 2 components: Organic & Inorganic build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones break down/resorb bone bone stem cells capable of differentiation Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts 1 Synovial Joints 2 Types of Fibrous Joints 3 Fibrous Joints 4 Joint (Articulation) 5 Synchondroses 6 Cartilaginous Joints 7 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 8 Examples of Synovial Joints 9 Sutures 10 Syndesmoses 11 Symphyses 12 Gomphoses Synchondroses & Symphyses bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock have hyaline cartilage between the bones lock bones together with dense fibers Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses bones connected by cartilage pads Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process)
