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Growth rate : Generally malignant tumors grow more than benign tumors , although there are slow - growing and fast - growing tumors in either category .

Ability to invade locally : Malignant tumors use to invade the around them . One of the most prominent hallmarks of cancer is penetration of the basal membrane that surrounds normal tissues .

Ability to spread at distance : Malignant tumors may spread to other parts of the body using the or the lymphatic system . Malignant tumors may also invade nearby tissues and send out into them , while benign tumors don't . tumors only grow in size at the place of their origin .

Recurrence : Benign tumors can be removed completely by surgery as they have clearer , and as a result , they are less likely to reoccur . If they do reoccur , it is only at the original site . Malignant tumors may spread to other parts of body . They are more likely to such as breast cancer recurring in the lungs or bones .

Cellular Appearance : When a pathologist looks at tumor cells under a microscope , it is very easy to determine whether they are normal , benign cells or cancerous cells as Cancer cells often have abnormal chromosomes and , making their nuclei larger and darker . They also often have different shapes than normal cells . However , sometimes the difference is subtle .

Systemic effects : There are some benign tumors that secrete hormones but malignant tumors are more likely to do so . Malignant tumors can secrete substances that cause effects throughout the body , such as and weight loss . This is known as syndrome .

Treatments : A benign tumor can usually be completely treated with , although some may be treated with radiation therapy or chemotherapy . Some benign tumors are not treated as they are not posing any health risk . tumors may require chemotherapy , radiation therapy , or immunotherapy medications to eliminate a tumor cell that still remains after treatment or to treat secondary tumors present at other parts of the body .