Memory

Eliminates redundancy via normal forms.

Atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability.

Query language for managing data.

Restore data after failure.

Concurrency control

Backup and Recovery

Regulates simultaneous data access.

Unit of work with ACID properties.

SQL

ACID

Index

Speeds up data retrieval.

RDBMS

Normalization

Stores data in tables with schemas.

Transaction