Inductive and deductive reason

Cactuses need only a limited amount of water. The new plant I’ve bought is a cactus. Therefore, I shouldn’t water the new plant too much.

The new plant I bought is a cactus. It didn’t thrive when I watered it a lot. Therefore, cactuses shouldn’t be watered too much.

My car’s gas tank is empty. My car will not start. Therefore, cars don’t start when they’re out of gas.

Gas-powered cars require gas in order to start. My car’s gas tank is empty. Therefore, my car will not start.

All centaurs are half-human, half-horse. Dave is a centaur. Therefore, Dave is half-human, half horse.

Every centaur I’ve met has been named Dave. Therefore, all centaurs must be named Dave.

All fish live in water. Sharks are fish. Therefore, sharks live in water.

Inductive and deductive reasoning typically describes: